Master the Mayhem: 2025 ATLS Practice Exam – Be the Trauma Hero!

Compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when increased pressure within a closed anatomical space compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that compartment. The most frequently affected anatomical locations are indeed the calf and forearm.

These areas are predisposed to compartment syndrome because they consist of muscle compartments surrounded by tough fascia, which does not stretch. When swelling occurs due to trauma, bleeding, or other injuries, the pressure can build up rapidly, leading to reduced blood flow, tissue ischemia, and potential muscle and nerve damage.

The calf is particularly at risk due to its multiple muscle compartments, and the forearm also frequently presents with similar issues, especially in cases of fractures or severe swelling caused by injury. While the wrist and ankle can also experience compartment syndrome, the calf and forearm are more commonly associated due to the higher incidence of trauma in these regions and the anatomical structure of the limbs that makes them more vulnerable to swelling leading to compartment syndrome.

In contrast, the thigh, shoulder, abdomen, and neck are less commonly implicated in this condition, largely because they involve more complex anatomical configurations, including larger muscle groups and less restrictive fascia. As a result, while compartment syndrome can occur in any limb, the calf and forearm remain the classic